托福阅读共有十大考试题型,今天出国留学网为您介绍词汇题、指代题和句子简化题,下文《托福阅读题型简介(一)》由出国留学网托福频道为您整理,欢迎您访问出国留学网浏览更多考试资讯。
I 词汇题 Vocabulary questions
在托福考试当中,词汇题的主要目的是考察考生能否识别词汇在陌生语境中的含义。既然强调语境,那么通过识别生词附近的语境含义,往往可以推测出生词的含义。我们来看一道新托福考试官方指南上的题目:
Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.
6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to
· Explained
· Visible
· Identified
· Located
这道题目很多同学会选择第四个选项(locate:坐落于…),将这个含义带入到语句当中,意思也通顺,指Basilosaurus坐落于撒哈拉沙漠。但是这里需要注意的是,托福的词汇题并不是选项带入搭配合适就一定能找到正确答案,而是应该从语境入手来选择。正确的做法是,首先查看生词附近有无并列,转折等语境上的含义暗示。本句当中,生词的前方有“and”来暗示并列,而从句子结构来看,前半句中的动词“found”,意思是“找到,发现”,那么后半句的exposed对应语境也应该强调发现某物,即找到,或者看见某物。因此这道题目的正确答案选择B(visible:可看见的)。
II指代题 Reference questions
指代题在托福考试中题量大约为0-2个,主要考察学生能否找到原文中代词的指代对象。解决指代题最基本的原则为:单复数与人称一致,前指且符合句意。
It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
5. The word it in the passage refers to
·Pakicetus
·Fish
·○Life
·ocean
本句代词作主语,在结构上指代上一句话主句中的名词主语,即A选项的Pakicetus。也可以采用带入的方法,将选项逐一带入,符合搭配的只有A选项,其余选项,B fish 鱼类,C life 生命,D ocean海洋,都无法“bred and gave birth,哺育后代”。
III 句子简化题 Sentence Simplification questions
句子简化题是新题型之一,在这里我们相信的讲解一下。对于句子简化题,有一些题目如果句子不长,我们做题的基本原则就是:同义替换。找到原句中的关键的词在选项当中进行同义替换。例如,
In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart fromthe rest of the animal kingdom.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.
B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.
C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.
D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.
先来看题干:Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子。很多同学采用翻译的方法做题,即首先翻译原句,然后逐个翻译四个选项。这种做法不仅浪费时间,而且对我们的读句子的能力要求极高。更好的做法是,首先判断句子的核心信息。这是考题当中为数不多的原句比较简单的句子释义题,原句的核心概念在于强调区分(apart from)。因此找到同义替换,即是C项当中的distinguished。但是大多数题目的原文不会是一个简单句,多数是带有逻辑关系的复杂句。那么简单的同义替换技巧就无法操作了。如何快速解决这种题型呢?我们主要分两个部分来解析。
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