托福阅读中属于虚词的介词短语集之带-ing词尾的介词
barring：except，not including除…外
concerning：about，regarding论及，关于
excepting=except
failing：in default of因缺少…;在缺少…时
following：after in time;as a sequel to在…以后
including：if we include如果包括我;……包括在内
pending：during/until在……期间/直到……为止
regarding：about，concerning，in respect of
托福阅读中属于虚词的介词短语集之成语介词
according tas stated by/ in proportion根据……/依照……
ahead of：further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth
along with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有
apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除……外/且莫说;除…之外尚有
as for：with regard to至于
as from：on and after(a specified time)从一特定时 间开始
as of=as from
as regards：about，concerning至于，而论
as twith regard to关于，至于
because of：on account of，by reason
but for：without the help or hindrane etc.of假如没有…(帮助或障碍等);要不是
by means of凭借……的方法
due to，because of由于
except for：not including，other than除了
