托福写作段落的扩展方法
托福写作第一题：综合写作
①The lecture completely refutes the passage. It is said in the lecture that听力要点.
②According to the professor in the lecture, 听力1. This directly contradicts/supports what the reading passage indicates, because 阅读1.
③The lecture believes that 听力2. This point disagrees/enhances with the statement demonstrated in the reading that 阅读2.
④In the listening, the professor says that 听力3， which differs from/upholds the reading in that the reading states阅读3.
托福写作第二题：独立写作
1、因果解释型论证体系：现象引出→原因分析→结果分析
Currently, 抽象事物 has loomed up wide public concern. What amazes us most is that具体事物. (→趋势化) It is true that the trend of this is seemingly on the rise in all walks of life. (→原因解释化) We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this. The major ones can be listed as follows.
First and foremost, _____ play a pushing role.
In addition, ______.
Last but not least, _____.
(→结果化) As a consequence, _____.
2、问题解决型论证体系：描述现状→建议措施
With the advancement of modern society, __has become a social problem of public concern. Meanwhile, it has given rise to a series of other matters, such as A and B. So it is high time we put an immediate end to this “Pandora’s Box”. It is true that awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution. As is known to all, we have figured out several efficacious steps to tackle this problem.
In the first place, ___. In the second place, ___.In the third place, ____. Therefore, only in this way can we ___.
3、观点论证型论证体系：含义揭示→含义解析
As a human being, one can hardly do without _____. Living in the society, no one can deny that it is ____ that enables us to ___. Consequently, in this modern society where ____, ____ has been regarded as a necessity for ____. As to what ___ means, my opinions/definitions are as follows. First of all, ____. What really counts, in my mind, is that ______. Lastly, _____.
In conclusion, based on the reasons I discussed above,(please rewrite the first paragraph in another way). . .
托福写作段落的扩展方法：
(一)举例
1.Paragons (典型代表), such A and B respectively, come immediately to my mind. __________.
2. While such cases are rare, they do occur occasionally. A case in point relates to sb in the field of __________.
(二)引用
1. As a saying goes, “__________”, which is to say (relation) .
2. According to a well-known scientist WXL (and I paraphrase), __________, in other words, __________.
3. __________. Such of remark of sb, one of the best-known scientists.
(三)数据调查
According to the statistical result of a recent survey, A and B have soared, respectively, by ____ and ___. In contrast, C declined at an accelerating rate, and it is also the case with D. The statistical result illustrates that ____.
(四)反证法
With A, ______. Without A, _____.
(五)类比对比法
•similarly, by the same token (同理)
•in like manner, likewise
•in contrast
•on the contrary
