对于托福考试来说，长难句是一大难点，很多同学面对托福长难句都是欲哭无泪，那么下面就和出国留学网的小编来看看经典托福阅读长难句翻译。
1. Accordingto conventional theory， yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy andserves the function of increasing alertness by reversing， through deeperbreathing， the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallowbreathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.
【译文】根据传统的理论，当人们无聊或者困倦的时候，打哈欠会出现。打哈欠通过深呼吸来逆转血液中氧含量的降低，从而的起到提高警觉的功能。而血液中氧含量的降低是由浅呼吸导致的，而浅呼吸又伴随着缺觉或无聊。
2. The keyfactor in the success of these countries （along with high literacy， whichcontributed to it） was their ability to adapt to the international division oflabor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas ofspecialization in international markets for which they were especially wellsuited.
【译文】这些国家成功的关键因素（促成这个因素的是高识字率）是他们有能力适应由早期的工业化国家决定的劳动力国际分工并占领了他们特别适合的国际市场中的专业化领域。
3. In the second case， pollinators（insects， birds） obtain food from the flowering plant， and the plant has itspollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would beif they were carried by the wind only.
【译文】在第二个案例中， 传粉者（昆虫和鸟）从开花植物中获取食物，而植物也使得它们的花粉和种子相比于只通过风传播的更加高效。
4. In the green-to yellow lightingconditions of the lowest levels of the forest， yellow and green would be thebrightest colors， but when an animal is signaling， these colors would not bevery visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenishbackground.
【译文】在森林最底层的黄绿管线条件下，黄和率可能是最亮的颜色，但是，当动物在发信号的时候，如果该动物处于黄绿背景下，这些颜色就不太明显了。
5. In a countercurrent exchange system， the blood vesselscarrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warmblood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels； thus，the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before itreaches the flipper itself.
【译文】在逆流交换系统中，来自于脚蹼的携带冷血的血管接近来自身体的携带热血的血管来从较热的血管中获得热量；因此，在达到脚蹼前，热量从向外流的血管中转移到了向内流的血管中。
6. American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski，who have studied extinction rates in a number of fossil groups， suggest thatepisodes of increased extinction have recurred periodically， approximatelyevery 26 million years since the mid-Cretaceous period.
【译文】美国古生物学家D.R.和J.S，他们已经很多化石群的灭绝速率，指出，越来越多的灭绝是周期性重复出现的，从白垩纪中期开始，周期大约是没二百六十万年一次。
7. As amongtribes people， personal relationships and a careful weighing of character havealways been crucial in a mercantile economy with little regulation， where one＇sword is one＇s bond and where informal ties of trust cement together aninternational trade network.
【译文】在部落人中，人际关系和对品德仔细的考量在一个几乎没有规范的重商主义经济中一直都很重要。而在没有规范的重商主义经济中，一个的话语就是一个人的保证，非正式的信任纽带将国际贸易网络年合起来。
8. The explanation is that the Mayaexcavated depressions， or modified natural depressions， and then plugged upleaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order tocreate reservoirs， which collected rain from large plastered catchment basinsand stored it for use in the dry season.
【译文】解释是，玛雅人挖掘了大坑或者将天然的大坑修改，然后又通过把大坑的底部抹上灰泥把卡斯特地貌上的漏洞堵上，来制造蓄水池，这样，就能从巨大的被灰泥堵住的蓄水池中收集雨水并储存起来在干季时使用。
9. Inequalitiesof gender have also existed in pastoralist societies， but they seem to havebeen softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in mostcommunities， and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skillsof men， including， often， their military skills.
【译文】性别的不平等也存在于畜牧社会中，但是，由于大部分社群中没有出现森严的财富等级，而且需要女性具备大多数男性的技巧，诸如军技巧，性别不平等就被软化了。
10. Ramsay thenstudied a gas that was present in natural gas deposits and discovered that itwas helium， an element whose presence in the Sun had been noted earlier in thespectrum of sunlight but that had notpreviously been known on Earth.
【译文】拉姆齐（Ramsay）研究了一种存在于天然气中的气体，并发现是氦气（helium），该元素早就在太阳里通过太阳光光谱被发现了，但是还从来没有在地球上被发现过。
11. Many complex factors led to the adoption of the neweconomies， not only at Abu Hureyra， but at many other locations such as ＇AinGhazal， also in Syria， where goat toe bones showing the telltale marks ofabrasion caused by foot tethering （binding） testify to early herding of domesticstock.
【译文】很多复杂的因素导致了新经济的采用，不仅出现在AbuHureyra，很多其他的地方也有，比如说＇AinGhaza，也就是叙利亚，在那里，山羊脚趾的骨头显示有脚被绑住造成的磨损痕迹，这证实了早期的家畜蓄养。
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