托福作文也需要不断的练习与积累，为了帮助考生们更加有效的备考托福，出国留学网托福考试栏目为大家提供“托福综合写作必备能力之归纳及改写”，希望考生们能有所收获。
托福综合写作“归纳”，就是考生能够把握托福综合写作阅读材料和听力材料中论证的重点，也即观点和论点。对于阅读材料，如何归纳呢?以TPO29托福综合写作阅读其中一段材料为例：First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
概括内容为：Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants----- have to leave the cold and dark North Slope winter to more temperate zones to find food .
对应的托福听力材料：First, the edmontosaur did not have to migrate to find food. One hundred million years ago the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmer than they are today. And remember in arctic regions like the North Slope the sun shines 24 hours a day at the peak of the summer, the warm temperatures and the extensive daylight created incredibly good growing conditions for plants, so much vegetation was produced during the summer that when the vegetation died as the winter came, there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter. The edmontosaur could have easily lived on the dead plant matter during in the winter.
概括为：Edmontosaurs did not have to migrate to find food---the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmer than they are today,there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter.
这里需要注意的是：由于听力材料只听一遍，在发挥托福综合写作概括能力之前，考生需要根据阅读材料的内容预测听力内容的重点并带着预测来听。
托福综合写作“改写”，即考生可以将阅读和听力材料的论点及观点按照综合写作部分答题方式联系起来，写好材料分析性的内容。在对上述材料进行整合改写前，可以看出两个材料是矛盾的。所以采用模板：the reading materials points out that...But the speaker reputes that...改写为：First of all, the reading materials points out that it is difficult that edmontosaurus to find food in cold winter because of they were fed on plants exclusively. But the speaker reputes that warm weather in summer supplied perfect condition for plants to grow. So edmontosaurus might found lots of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter, which made migration unnecessary.
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