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托福写作高分秘籍之五大必备表达
在托福独立写作的满分标准中第四项提到“Display consistent facility in the use of language ,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.”不言而喻，一篇高分的作文在做到逻辑顺畅，展开充实的基础上还必须满足语言的多样性，即句式多样和词汇的多样。今天笔者蔡蔡就从词汇表达多样性展开分析，将写作中考生必用，但又苦于用词“别无选择”的词汇表达进行归类，补充其多样表达和同义替换，以助力考生。
一. “有”
在任何一篇文章中，表达“有”这一含义是不可避免的，然而多数考生只会沉迷于“have”这一词。该如何表达这一概念?考生应根据语境选用适当替换。
褒义“有”：
possess, boast, be blessed with, be equipped with
如：1.由于科技的进步，人们有各种交流方式的选择。
Thanks to the development of science and technology, people are blessed with various choices of communicating.
2. 参与社会活动能让大学生有更多实用技能。
College students are equipped with various practical skills by engaging in social activities.
贬义“有”：
be overwhelmed with, be flooded by, be bombarded with, be loaded with
1. 现代社会，人们有很大的压力。
In modern society, people are loaded with/flooded by heavy pressure.
2. 学生有很多作业，经常熬夜学习。
Overwhelmed with piles of homework, students always burn the midnight oil.
二.“因为”
因果关系是任何一篇议论文中不可或缺的表达，在推理分析时，需要适当的表达因果的表达。而且一篇文章中可能会多次使用。如何避免单一重复呢?且看蔡蔡慢慢道来。
褒贬皆可“因为”
(原因)result in(结果)
(结果)result from(原因)
because(+句子)，because of(+名词)
since (句子)
(原因)contribute to (结果)
褒义“多亏了”
Thanks to
贬义“归咎于，导致”
Cause, lead to
(结果)should be blamed on (原因)
(原因)be responsible for (结果)
(原因)be the culprit of (结果)
如：1.人类活动导致了环境污染。
Human activities are responsible for/the culprit of the environmental pollution.
Environmental pollution should be blamed on human activities.
三.“非常”
在强调程度时，必会用到“非常”这一概念。然而，大多数考生所能想到的无外乎“very, pretty, extremely”。事实上，“非常”真的有“非常”多的表达形式。
褒义“非常”
Extraordinarily, Amazingly, remarkably
褒贬皆可“非常”
Considerably, tremendously, enormously,
Surprisingly, noticeably, shockingly
贬义“非常”
Notoriously
如：1.长城是中国文化的标志，非常美。
As the symbol of the Chinese culture, the Great Wall is amazingly magnificent.
2.年轻人很叛逆，不像过去那么听从于父母。
Youngsters who are notoriously rebellious are not as obedient as they were in the past.
四.“越来越”
在文章中表达变化趋势及程度时，会用到“越来越”。多数考生能想到的只有 “more and more”。实则，“越来越”也可以多样表达。
名词前用
An increasing number of
An expanding number of
A growing number of
形容词前用
Increasingly
如：越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找好工作越来越难。
An increasing number of fresh college graduates find that obtaining a decent job is increasingly difficult.
此外，还可将形容词转化词性，变为名词，用“名词+be on the rise”。还是这个句子，就可以表达为：
The difficulty of obtaining a decent job is on the rise, as the number of fresh college graduates grows.
五.“重要性”
在独立写作中，利弊类话题若是支持一方观点，也就是默认其“重要性”。但是表达重要性时，除了“important”,还有其它方式吗?且看下文。
A 对B重要可表达为如下：
1. A is essential/crucial/indispensable/vital to B.
2. A is of importance/significance to B.
3. The importance of A to B can never be ignored/denied.
4. A cannot survive/develop/be achieved without B.
5. Nothing is more important to B than A.
6. A paves the way for B.
7. A plays an important role in B.
8. A is to B what C is to D (water is to fish/foundation is to skyscraper).
若想表达“运气对成功重要。”，运用这些表达，就可轻松做到多样表达。
1. Luck is essential/crucial/indispensable/vital to success.
2. Luck is of importance/significance to success.
3. The importance of luck to success can never be ignored/denied.
4. Success cannot be achieved without luck.
5. Nothing is more important to success than luck.
6. Luck paves the way for success.
7. Luck plays an important role in achieving success.
8. Luck is to success what foundation is to skyscraper.
若想在写作中实现语言的多样性，不在于背诵大量生涩难懂的高难词汇，加大记忆的负荷，而在于将记忆库中已有的积累进行梳理和归纳，为己所用。望笔者蔡蔡精心整理的“多样性必备五大表达”为考生助一臂之力。
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