新托福阅读机经背景知识

  The Basic Features of Song Learning

  Nine males song sparrows were collected from the wild from four different broods when they were around 4 to 6 days old. They were raised by people until they were weaned at 33 to 35 days old and then were placed into individual wire-mesh cages. Live tutors were used in this experiment. Four wild-caught adult male song sparrows were used as the tutors. The tutors were placed into flight aviaries and the subject's cages were placed adjacent to the aviaries, so that they could have visual contact with one of the tutors, while still being able to hear the other three singing. Also, the subjects were rotated so that their visual contact with one tutor varied between the tutors. The subjects were there when they were 33 to 94 days old, with the assumption that their sensitive phase lay some time in this time period.

  When the subjects started singing the next spring, their repertoires were analyzed. The average was seven song types per subject. This does correspond with birds raised exclusively in the wild by their parents. Eight of the nine subjects learned songs from two or more of the tutors and later imitated these songs.

  In similar experiments in which some birds are exposed to tutors and some are raised in isolation, those birds that were exposed to tutors almost always tend to imitate pieces and even complete songs. Those birds raised in isolation always sang isolate songs. These isolate songs were similar to each other and consist of much more structurally simpler songs than males raised with normal song exposure.

  重点词汇:

  song sparrows: 北美歌雀

  broods:窝

  aviary:鸟舍

  subject:实验的对象

  adjacent to:与…连接的

  rotated:旋转的

  repertoires:整段乐曲

  correspond with:相符合,相一致

  exclusively:专门的,排外的

  isolation:孤立,隔离

  希望以上由出国留学网为大家带来的新托福阅读机经背景知识,希望能给大家提供帮助!出国留学网及时为大家提供最新留学资讯,大家可按Ctrl+D收藏本站,即可第一时间了解更多托福考试资讯!

  >>>点击进入出国留学网托福考试栏目了解更多

  猜你可能喜欢:

  2015年托福考试真题及答案汇总

  2015年托福考试时间安排 

  托福考试全面攻略 

  托福词汇分类记(汇总)

分享
qqQQ
qzoneQQ空间
weibo微博
《托福考试_新托福阅读机经【2】.doc》
将本文的Word文档下载,方便收藏和打印
下载文档

热门关注

托福考试阅读部分怎么备考

阅读考试备考技巧

托福阅读考试做题原则有哪些

托福阅读考试真题

托福口语考试的备考方法有什么

托福口语考试

托福考试阅读的主要题型与解题思路

托福考试阅读

托福考试怎么提升阅读的能力

托福阅读考试真题

托福阅读时间分配 备考托福阅读方法

托福阅读时间安排

托福阅读题型分类解析 备考托福阅读方法

托福阅读考试

托福阅读题型分析 如何提高托福阅读分数

托福阅读考试

托福阅读考试时间 怎么提高托福阅读分数

托福阅读考试

托福阅读怎么算分 怎么训练托福阅读

托福阅读分数

热门问答

付费下载
付费后无需验证码即可下载
限时特价:4.99元/篇 原价10元
微信支付

免费下载仅需3秒

1、微信搜索“月亮说故事点击复制

2、进入公众号免费获取验证码

3、输入验证码确认 即可复制

4、已关注用户回复“复制”即可获取验证码

微信支付中,请勿关闭窗口
微信支付中,请勿关闭窗口
×
温馨提示
支付成功,请下载文档
咨询客服
×
常见问题
  • 1、支付成功后,为何无法下载文档?
    付费后下载不了,请核对下微信账单信息,确保付费成功;已付费成功了还是下载不了,有可能是浏览器兼容性问题。
  • 2、付费后能否更换浏览器或者清理浏览器缓存后下载?
    更换浏览器或者清理浏览器缓存会导致下载不成功,请不要更换浏览器和清理浏览器缓存。
  • 3、如何联系客服?
    如已按照上面所说方法进行操作,还是无法复制文章,请及时联系客服解决。客服微信:ADlx86
    添加时请备注“文档下载”,客服在线时间为周一至周五9:00-12:30 14:00-18:30 周六9:00-12:30

  The Basic Features of Song Learning

  Nine males song sparrows were collected from the wild from four different broods when they were around 4 to 6 days old. They were raised by people until they were weaned at 33 to 35 days old and then were placed into individual wire-mesh cages. Live tutors were used in this experiment. Four wild-caught adult male song sparrows were used as the tutors. The tutors were placed into flight aviaries and the subject's cages were placed adjacent to the aviaries, so that they could have visual contact with one of the tutors, while still being able to hear the other three singing. Also, the subjects were rotated so that their visual contact with one tutor varied between the tutors. The subjects were there when they were 33 to 94 days old, with the assumption that their sensitive phase lay some time in this time period.

  When the subjects started singing the next spring, their repertoires were analyzed. The average was seven song types per subject. This does correspond with birds raised exclusively in the wild by their parents. Eight of the nine subjects learned songs from two or more of the tutors and later imitated these songs.

  In similar experiments in which some birds are exposed to tutors and some are raised in isolation, those birds that were exposed to tutors almost always tend to imitate pieces and even complete songs. Those birds raised in isolation always sang isolate songs. These isolate songs were similar to each other and consist of much more structurally simpler songs than males raised with normal song exposure.

  重点词汇:

  song sparrows: 北美歌雀

  broods:窝

  aviary:鸟舍

  subject:实验的对象

  adjacent to:与…连接的

  rotated:旋转的

  repertoires:整段乐曲

  correspond with:相符合,相一致

  exclusively:专门的,排外的

  isolation:孤立,隔离

  希望以上由出国留学网为大家带来的新托福阅读机经背景知识,希望能给大家提供帮助!出国留学网及时为大家提供最新留学资讯,大家可按Ctrl+D收藏本站,即可第一时间了解更多托福考试资讯!

  >>>点击进入出国留学网托福考试栏目了解更多

  猜你可能喜欢:

  2015年托福考试真题及答案汇总

  2015年托福考试时间安排 

  托福考试全面攻略 

  托福词汇分类记(汇总)

一键复制全文