6. The word "elaboration" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O development
O specialization
O use
O transformation
题型：词汇题
解 题思路： becomes evident 和 shows rapid elaboration 在这句话中处于并列的位置，都是和 The development of an understanding of the self 有关的，据此可以推测出答案为A。
重点句子翻译：
The development of an understanding of the self becomes evident between the first and second years of life and shows rapid elaboration in subsequent years.
对自我认识的发展在生活的第一和第二年变得明显，并在随后几年显示快速发展。
7. According to paragraph 3, what is the relationship between autobiographical memory and the development of an understanding of the self?
O Autobiographical memory aids in the development of an understanding of the self.
O Children possess an understanding of the self when they can talk about past events in their lives.
O The realization that the self continues through time may aid in the onset of autobiographical memory.
O The development of autobiographical memory helps children gain an understanding of their roles in their social relationships.
题型：细节题
定位词： is the relationship between autobiographical memory and the development of an understanding of the self
解题思路：最后一句话显示了两者关系，即 the physical self lays the foundation for the emergence of autobiographical memory, 选项C是这句话的同义改写，为正确选项。
重点句子翻译：
The realization that the physical self has continuity in time, according to this hypothesis, lays the foundation for the emergence of autobiographical memory.
根据这一假说,认识到实体自我在时间上的连续性，奠定了自传体记忆出现的基础。
Paragraph 4：A third possibility is that children will not be able to tell their own "life story" until they understand something about the general form stories take, that is, the structure of narratives. Knowledge about narratives arises from social interactions, particularly the storytelling that children experience from parents and the attempts parents make to talk with children about past events in their lives. When parents talk with children about "what we did today" or "last week" or "last year," they guide the children's formation of a framework for talking about the past. They also provide children with reminders about the memory and relay the message that memories are valued as part of the cultural experience. It is interesting to note that some studies show Caucasian American children have earlier childhood memories than Korean children do. Furthermore, other studies show that Caucasian American mother-child pairs talk about past events three times more often than do Korean mother-child pairs. Thus, the types of social experiences children have do factor into the development of autobiographical memories.
8. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as ways in which parents help their children understand the structure of narratives EXCEPT
O talking with their children about past events
O telling stories to their children
O having their children repeat stories back to them
O showing their children that they think memories are important
题型：排除列举题
定位词： ways in which parents help their children understand the structure of narratives
解 题思路：选项A、C、D文章中都有提及： “storytelling” , “parents make to talk with children about past events”, “relay the message that memories are valued as part of the cultural experience”. 选项C原文未提及，为正确选项。
重点句子翻译：
Knowledge about narratives arises from social interactions, particularly the storytelling that children experience from parents and the attempts parents make to talk with children about past events in their lives.
关于叙事的知识源于社会交往，特别是孩子们从父母处经历的讲故事，以及父母和儿童谈他们与过去生活有关的活动的尝试。
9. According to paragraph 4, the studies of Caucasian American and Korean children suggest which of the following?
O Autobiographical memories develop similarly across all cultures.
O Parents from different cultures tell their children different kinds of stories about the past.
O Children's pleasure in hearing stories varies from culture to culture.
O The kinds of interactions children have with their parents affect the development of autobiographical memories.
题型：推理题
定位词： studies of Caucasian American and Korean children
解 题思路：原文中 Caucasian American的父母比 Korean讲故事的次数多，导致“Caucasian American children have earlier childhood memories than Korean children do”，所以可以推测出儿童的社会经历类型影响自传体记忆发展，所以D项正确。
重点句子翻译：
Thus, the types of social experiences children have do factor into the development of autobiographical memories.
因此，儿童的社会经历类型影响自传体记忆发展。
Paragraph 5：A final suggestion is that children must begin to develop a "theory of mind"— an awareness of the concept of mental states (feelings, desires, beliefs, and thoughts), their own and those of others—before they can talk about their own past memories. Once children become capable of answering such questions as "What does it mean to remember?" and "What does it mean to know something?" improvements in memory seem to occur.
10. According to paragraph 5, what evidence is there that a theory of mind is a factor in the development of autobiographical memory?
O Even children who are not aware of their mental states are still able to talk about past events.
O Autobiographical memory decreases when a child's feelings and mental state are upset.
O Older children who are unable to achieve awareness of mental states lack autobiographical memory.
O Children's memory of past events grows once children can answer questions about what it means to know and remember
题型：细节题
定位词： a theory of mind is a factor in the development of autobiographical memory
解题思路：最后一句话显示出 a theory of mind使得儿童的记忆得到提高，选项D是这句话的同义改写，为正确选项。
重点句子翻译：
Once children become capable of answering such questions as "What does it mean to remember?" and "What does it mean to know something?" improvements in memory seem to occur.
一旦孩子成为能够回答这样的问题:“记忆是什么意思？”和“知道是什么意思？”记忆的提高似乎发生。
